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13. Pneumonia is Severe and Complicated in Children with Vitamin D Deficiency

Sayed Ibrar Hussain1, Munir Akmal Lodhi1, Syed Zulfiqar Haider1, Mulazim Husaain2, Rabia Aziz1 and Saira Arshad3

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the frequency of complications of pneumonia in children with vitamin D deficiency.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Pediatric department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2017 to April 2018.

Materials and Methods: One hundred patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and confirmed by chest x-ray, were included in the study. All the selected patients were under five years of age and of both sexes. Blood samples were collected from these patients and sent to the hospital’s laboratory for serum vitamin D levels.

The patients were divided into two groups, vitamin D deficient and vitamin D sufficient. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum vitamin D levels of <30ng/ml and vitamin D sufficient as >30ng/ml. Both groups were observed for the development of complications of pneumonia and were discharged once clinically stable.

Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study, 46 patients had deficient serum Vitamin D and 54 patients had normal Vitamin D levels. When pneumonia complications were compared in the two groups, all the complications were found to be statistically significant, like pleural effusion (p-value 0.036), empyema (p-value 0.045), need for chest intubation (p-value 0.042), need for mechanical ventilation (p-value 0.024) and death (p-value 0.015).

Conclusion: The incidence and severity of the complications was more in patients with vitamin D deficiency as compared to those with normal levels of vitamin D.

Key Words: Vitamin D deficiency, pneumonia, complications.

Citation of article: Hussain SI, Lodhi MA, Haider SZ, Husaain M, Aziz R, Arshad S. Pneumonia is Severe and Complicated in Children with Vitamin D Deficiency. Med Forum 2021;32(3):55-58.