23. Examine the Prevalence of Risk Factors and Causes of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Faiqua Yasser1, Shakila Mushtaq1, Asrar Ahmad5, Ambreen Tauseef2, Raja Yasser Shahbaz3 and Rizwana Kamran4
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the prevalence of clinical and histological proven cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma also examine the risk factors and challenges in diagnosis oral cancers.
Study Design: Retrospective/observational study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College Lahore and Military Dental Centre, Lahore from July 2018 to Dec.2019.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients of both genders with ages 20 to 70 years clinical and histologically diagnosed to have oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Patient’s demographical details including age sex, residence and socioeconomic status were examined after taking informed consent. Incisional biopsy was taken from all the patients and sent to laboratory for examination. Prevalence and risk factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma were examined. Challenges in diagnosing were also examined.
Results: Ninety patients found to have oral squamous cell carcinoma in which 70 (77.76%) were males while 20 (22.22%) were females. 40 (44.44%) patients were ages 20 to 45 years, 38 (42.22%) patients had ages 46 to 60 years and 12 (13.33%) patients were ages above 60 years. Buccal mucosa was the most frequent site of oral squamous cell carcinoma found in 46 (51.11%) patients followed by lower alveolar and tongue. The most frequent risk factor was cigarette smoking found in 36 (40%) patients. delay due to patients unawareness found in 30 (33.33%) patients followed by misdiagnosed by expertise and lack of facility (diagnosing tools).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of oral cancer and smoking is the major risk factor of this malignant disease. Misdiagnosed at first visit is the major concern, Lack of diagnosis facilities and lack of awareness is also most important factor for increasing the rate of this malignant disorder.
Key Words: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Frequency, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Causes
Citation of article: Yasser F, Mushtaq S, Ahmad A, Tauseef A, Shahbaz RY, Kamran R. Examine the Prevalence of Risk Factors and Causes of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Forum 2020;31(8): 97-100.