34. Analysis of Known Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer in Pakistan
Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the known risk factors of bladder cancer in Pakistani population.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the conducted in Department of Urology, University College of Medicine, University of Lahore is one year from June 2019 to June 2020.
Materials and Methods: Hospital records of patients under the age of 40 years who underwent urinary bladder carcinoma operations were included in this study.
Results: One hundred eighty patients under 40 years of age (87 females, 93 males; range 17-49 years; mean 40.4 ± 3.2 years) were included in this study. When the total population of 180 patients under age 40 is considered, the distribution of bladder cancer within age categories is as follows: under age 30 years, 8 patients (4%); age 30-39 years, 46 patients (26%); age 40-49 years, 126 (70%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that the Smoking, in particular cigarette smoking, is a well-known risk factor for various diseases including bladder cancer. The impacts of other sort of smoking (stogie, pipe, Egyptian waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and natural tobacco smoking) have been researched uniquely in a couple of studies.
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Citation of article: Ghous MH, Nusrat N, Afzal S, Malik SM, Arooj M. Analysis of Known Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer in Pakistan. Med Forum 2021;32(4):137-139.